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تاریخ::
آزادسازی تجارت
Trade liberalisation and extension of credit indebt poorer countries and add a temporal dimension by ensuring interest and return over the long term (Bond, 2015, p. 21).
Aid conditionality has pushed (what is arguably a neoliberal agenda) for financialisation and trade liberalisation and largely ignored local conditions.
The traditional argument for trade liberalisation suggests that free trade and competition channels countries' resources to industries that are more efficient as there is an effort to maximise returns.
While some authors such as Siddiqui (2012, p. 13) claim that trade liberalisation and the adoption of neoliberalism has seen mixed results for developing countries, others claim that trade liberalisation and neoliberalism have simply created open fiscal wounds in developing countries.
If the correct capacity for conversion and the will to do so is not in place, then poverty usually persists (if not increases) after trade liberalisation.
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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
آزادسازی تجاری
It would seem that economic interests alone could not explain the EU com- mitment to multilateral trade liberalisation.
Although liberal economic theory posits that trade liberalisation increases the economic welfare of countries that open their markets by increasing static and dynamic efficiency, trade policy remains heavily influenced by mercantilism
In opposition to Helen Milner (1988), who argues that trade policy reflects the balance of economic forces supporting or opposing trade liberalisation, Goldstein explains that liberalisation and protectionism are framed within general, value- based conceptions of how the international trading system should be organised.
Moreover, economists who believe that trade liberalisation can have a negative effect on unskilled workers (by lowering wages or eliminating their jobs) do not call for Western social standards to be applied in developing countries (Rodrik 1997: 76-77).7
Goldstein and Martin (2000) have argued that the increasing legalisation of the multilateral trading system and the result- ing limited flexibility in applying trade rules may undermine public and gov- ernmental support for trade liberalisation in the future.
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